Which of the following is NOT listed as an Ayres' Dysfunction?

• A. Visual-perceptual deficits
• B. Somatosensory deficits
• C. Auditory processing deficits
• D. Dyspraxia

Answer: (C)

The main idea here is how Ayres' Sensory Integration theory categorizes dysfunction. Ayres’ framework focuses on how the brain processes and integrates sensory information from the vestibular, tactile/proprioceptive, and visual systems, and how problems with that processing lead to difficulties with movement and perception. Visual-perceptual deficits fit directly into this framework because they reflect problems with processing and interpreting visual information. Somatosensory deficits (touch and body awareness) are also part of Ayres’ model, since tactile and proprioceptive processing are core components. Dyspraxia, or difficulties with motor planning and coordinated movement, is another hallmark associated with SI dysfunction, arising from impaired sensory integration and organization. Auditory processing deficits, while important in other contexts, are not listed as Ayres’ Dysfunction within her original framework, which centers on visual, tactile/proprioceptive, and vestibular processing and their integration with motor planning.